INS Aridhaman Commissioning in 2026 to Enhance India's Nuclear Triad with Advanced Ballistic Missile Submarine
India is set to enhance its nuclear capabilities with the commissioning of INS Aridhaman, the third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) in its arsenal, scheduled between April and May 2026. This move will significantly bolster the nation's nuclear triad and second-strike potential.
The 7,000-tonne submarine, constructed under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) programme at Visakhapatnam's Ship Building Centre, has successfully completed its final sea trials and is now prepared for induction. According to the Chief of the Naval Staff, the commissioning is imminent following the conclusion of successful trials in late 2025.
INS Aridhaman represents a substantial advancement over its predecessors. Unlike INS Arihant and INS Arighaat, which feature four missile tubes, Aridhaman is equipped with eight vertical launch tubes. This capacity enables it to carry up to 24 K-15 Sagarika missiles with a range of 750 km, or a combination of longer-range K-4 missiles (3,500 km) and future K-5 missiles (up to 6,000 km), thereby doubling the firepower of the earlier models.
The submarine is powered by an 83 MW compact light-water pressurised nuclear reactor, developed from the Kalpakkam prototype, which provides increased endurance, a lower acoustic signature, and enhanced stealth capabilities. With the ability to achieve submerged speeds of approximately 24 knots, its operational range relies more on crew endurance and logistical support than fuel, thereby improving its survivability during deterrence patrols.
The commissioning of INS Aridhaman will mark the first time the Indian Navy operates three Arihant-class SSBNs concomitantly. This development significantly strengthens India's capacity to maintain a continuous at-sea nuclear deterrent, a critical aspect of its no-first-use nuclear policy. A fourth SSBN of the same class is currently undergoing sea trials and is anticipated to be integrated into the fleet by early 2027, further reinforcing India's underwater nuclear strength.
